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Title: read Post by: colman on March 19, 2003, 05:00:00 AM Drugs and AIDS Prevention Project
BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION Epidemiological Situation of AIDS in Brazil Brazil is among the first four countries in the world with the highest number of registered AIDS cases. However, when the relative incidences towards the population are taken into account, Brazil is ranked between the 40th and 50th position. With respect to the Epidemiological Surveillance System, AIDS was first identified in 1982, in Brazil. A case was retrospectively recognized in the state of S?o Paulo in 1980. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) approximately 550.000 persons are infected by the HIV in Brazil. Considering the incubation period of the HIV, it is possible to deduct that the introduction of the virus in the country probably occurred at the end of the 70's and its diffusion, at first, in the main Center-South metropolitan area, followed by a dissemination process to the others regions of the country in the first half of the 80's. The majority of the registered cases are concentrated in the Southeast region with 76% of the notifications for the 1980-1996 period and 68% of the cases for the 1995-97 period. The States of Rio de Janeiro and S?o Paulo, for the period of 1995-97, still hold the 60% of registered cases of the country. Since the beginning of the epidemic until 01 March 1998, 120.399 cases were registered by the National Coordinating Office of STD and AIDS - NC-STD and AIDS. The Units of the Federation with higher accumulated incidence of AIDS per hundred thousand inhabitants are: S?o Paulo (174,4), Rio de Janeiro (115,8), Federal District (92,8), Santa Catarina (77,5), and Rio Grande do Sul (60,8). The epidemic of the infection of the HIV/AIDS in Brazil has presented important changes in its epidemiological profile over the last years, and disclosed different patterns at the national level. The sexual transmission has been the predominant category followed by an occurrence frequently higher of the blood transmission among intravenous drug users. In Brazil, the cases that contracted the HIV by blood transfusion, in 1985, represented 25% of the occurrences of blood transmission. In 1995, this component contributed with 10.8% of the cases. AIDS and Injecting Drug Use Situation in Brazil Out of the 7% of the cases attributed to the sharing of needles and syringes during the use of injectable drugs in 1984 (0,7% of the total registrations), this component represented 84,9% of the blood transmissions in 1997 (24.9% of the total registers). In 1985, 2.7% (14 registered cases) of all cases were linked to the use of drugs and by 1997 its share had risen to 21.20% of all cases (25.529 registered cases). With respect to the geographical distribution, the occurrences of AIDS cases associated with the use of injecting drugs have been predominantly taking place in the Center-South of the country (97% of the total IDUs), especially the States of S?o Paulo, Santa Catarina, Paran? and Mato Grosso do Sul. In some cities such as Santos (SP) and Itaja? (SC) they represent the predominant category. This area coincides with the main routes of drug trafficking in Brazil. A significant amount of cocaine produced in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia enters in Brazil through northern and western boundaries. The destination of a portion of this cocaine is the consumption in Brazil, while the remaining portion is exported to the United States and Europe. According to estimates from the Government of the United States of America, approximately 20 tons of cocaine is trafficked to or through Brazilian territory. Transmission of AIDS through the use of contaminated injection equipment is responsible for the growing number of cases among women, sexual partners of IDUs, and consequently of pediatric AIDS as well. Approximately 26% of the registered cases among women are due to the use of intravenous drugs, used by themselves or their partners. It can be concluded that the control of AIDS in Brazil will only be possible through the control of the HIV transmission among intravenous drug users. This assumption becomes even more evident, if data of the epidemiological surveillance of the States of S?o Paulo and Santa Catarina are taken into account. In cities like Santos-SP and in Itaja?-SC the HIV prevalence among injecting drug users reaches the alarming rate of more than 60%. In places like Sydney, Australia, where the government has adopted official policies of Harm reduction, the seroprevalence of HIV among intravenous drug users is only of 2%. A recent study supported by the NC-STD and AIDS, carried out by IEPAS, an NGO from Santos-SP, showed the introduction of heroin in Brazil. Out of a total of 701 IDUs involved in the study, 13% reported the use of heroin in Salvador and 17% in Rio de Janeiro. This is an important alert to the public health authorities in the country for the necessity of adequate assistance for heroin users, which requires specific methods. Previous UNDCP and Ministry of Health Cooperation The National Coordinating Office of STD and AIDS, of the Ministry of Health, is the executing agency of Project "Drug Abuse Prevention with Special Emphasis on Prevention of HIV Infection among Intravenous Drug Users" in partnership with UNDCP. The project was signed in August 1994, effectively started in November 1994, and will finish in December 1998. Through this project, the Government of Brazil aims at: preventing drug abuse and HIV transmission among the general population, with an emphasis on populations with high-risk behaviors; and reducing or stabilizing the transmission of HIV/AIDS and other STD among IDUs directly covered by project activities (approximately 6,000 IDUs) within a period of 3 years, with interventions at the treatment, rehabilitation and reinsertion levels. The present project is concentrating efforts in ten priority states as regards the epidemiological situation of the HIV infection and the use of injectable drugs. These states are: Cear?, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, S?o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paran?, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and the Federal District. In addition to these, some other states were incorporated directly by the executing agency, as Espirito Santo, Pernambuco and Piau?, or indirectly by the subprojects, as Goi?s, through the activities of the Training Center for the Center-West region. It is important to emphasize the effort of developing a network of political and technical coordination among these subprojects and different institutions at the municipal, state and federal levels. The effective coordination of the different institutions involved in this field has strongly contributed to the sustainability of these subprojects. The original goal of 52 subprojects was surpassed and presently 66 subprojects are receiving direct support of Project AD/BRA/94/851. During Project execution a strong demand for specific projects dealing directly with injecting drug users was detected and covered. Therefore, the number of treatment centers and harm reduction projects was increased. According to recommendation from the UNAIDS, a UN Theme Group was created in Brazil, in 1997. Other agencies of multi- and bilateral cooperation, working in Brazil, are also participating in the Group, such as USAID and the European Union. Therefore, the present project proposal is part of a major initiative of interagency cooperation with the Government of Brazil. The National Coordinating Office of STD and AIDS will be the executing agency of four different Projects with UNDP, UNICEF, UNESCO and UNDCP. These agencies will work in close collaboration, according to each one’s mandate in order to cost-efficiently support the development of projects in the field of STD/HIV/AIDS prevention. Drugs and AIDS Prevention Project Proposal Due to the good results of the investments of the Government of Brazil in the field of HIV/AIDS and Drugs prevention and the necessity of consolidation and institutionalization of the interventions, the National Coordinating Office of STD and AIDS is designing a new program for the next 4 years. The Ministry of Health intends to continue working in close partnership with UNDCP and the World Bank. The new program will concentrate efforts in health promotion, STD/HIV/AIDS and Drug abuse prevention, and monitoring and evaluation of the interventions. The executor will be the National Coordinating Office of STD and AIDS, through implementing agencies at the state and municipal levels. NGO´s will continue to be important partners in the new program of Drugs and HIV/AIDS prevention. Presently, 20 NGO´s carry out activities in the fields of prevention, health promotion and assistance within Project AD/BRA/94/851. In addition, partnership with universities, as implementing agencies, will also be emphasized in the new program. The main target-groups of the new program will be: young people from low-income communities, with a special emphasis to adolescents in schools and in street situation; Young people from low income communities are part of the target-group of the present project in face of the epidemiological trend of increase of AIDS cases in heterosexuals groups, mainly poor, with a lower or no educational level. At the beginning of the epidemic in Brazil, 5% of the AIDS cases were among women, while presently, this participation increased to 30%. Out of a total number of AIDS cases of 120,399, the number of infected women is of 25,497. The proportion of AIDS cases between men and women went from 28:1 in 1985, to 7:1 in 1988, reaching 3:1 in 1996/7. This is considered the main indicator of the increase of the heterosexual transmission to women that are infected by the HIV, due to the high rates of prevalence of the virus among bisexuals masculine and heterosexuals injecting drug users (Quinn, 1989). The present experience of carrying out training activities for teachers and students presented very good results and should be expanded in the second phase of the Project. A total of 5,000 teachers and 30,000 students in 1,000 schools were trained as multiplying agents for the prevention of STD/HIV/AIDS and Drug abuse. The schools that participated in the first phase were mostly located in the capitals of the 10 priority states. For the second phase it is very important to follow the epidemiological trend of interiorization of the AIDS epidemic and plan interventions in more cities and in all states of the federation. In the first phase of the Drugs and AIDS Prevention Project, the innovative aspect of the training centers supported was the training of key staff as multiplying agents and the monitoring of their projects, resulted from the training workshops. The new project proposes the implementation of 9 centers in the country reinforcing the aspect of monitoring of the projects elaborated by the multiplying agents, but also providing them with some minimal support for the initial phase of execution. Project AD/BRA/94/851 is considered a reference for technology transfer in the field of Drugs and AIDS for the UNAIDS. In 1997, the Project was invited to provide 2 consultancies for the above mentioned institution, one in Brazil and a second one in Uruguay, in order to assist the elaboration of a specific project of intervention among IDUs in the South Cone. For instance, in Argentina, 44% of the registered AIDS cases are due to injecting drug use. The Brazilian harm reduction Projects will serve as sites of internships for the UNAIDS South Cone Project. Therefore, cooperation with other countries in the South Cone, other countries in Latin American and the Portuguese-Speaking African Countries will be strongly reinforced in the next Project. DRUG CONTROL OBJECTIVE To reduce the incidence of HIV among injecting drug users, and to reduce drug abuse and HIV transmission among vulnerable populations, including young people from low income communities and women. To promote actions for the primary prevention of drug abuse, STD/HIV/AIDS among young people from low income communities, with a special emphasis to women; Health Promotion, Protection of the Rights of AIDS Patients and HIV Infected Individuals and Prevention of STD, HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse Support to prevention programs addressing STD, AIDS and drug abuse in-school; The creation of a working group, or the identification of a professional to act as a reference at the state level for the operationalization of the actions in the area of drugs and AIDS in each of the 27 states of the federation; Setting up of a reference network for the identification, expansion and reinforcement of the assistance for drug users, particularly injecting drug users infected with HIV and AIDS patients; Carrying out of epidemiological, ethnographic, behavioral and project evaluation studies in the area of drugs and AIDS, supporting and applying the results of research of which content contribute to the proposed objectives of the project; Within the scope of the Ministry of Health there are already some interfaces with other offices, which should be broadened. They are as follows: Mental Health Coordinating Office (COSAM) - Secretariat of Health Policies/Ministry of Health Advisory Office for Special Health Affairs (AESA) - Cabinet of the Ministry of Health Secretariat of Health Policies National Coordinating Office for Immune-predictable Diseases - National Health Foundation Some interfaces already exist, at the external level, but should be broadened. Federal Narcotics Council - Ministry of Justice Interface works will include: a) the coordination of a network of organizations at the federal level, which will provide the means for the treatment of chemical dependency; b) mutual subsidy for proposals in this area; c) political support for the development of strategies, such as harm reduction, resulting from possible interfaces with the appropriate sectors of the Judiciary and the police structures. Ministry of Education and State and Municipal Secretariats of Education House of Representatives and Senate Universities
Title: You make our case... Post by: Yalg on March 20, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to read, posted by colman on Mar 19, 2003
The opening paragraph says the incidence of AIDS when population is taken into account is between 40th and 50th in the world. It also says IV drug use is the biggest growing problem among women...ok I will avoid IV drug users, prostitutes, and obvious "easy women." All this you posted does little to convince anyone that AIDS is a reason not to visit Brazil, and it certainly does not prove that Brazil is a wild, sexually uncontrollable culture. Its interesting information, but not nearly enough to stop anyone from seeking a wife there......550,000 cases in a nation of App. 172 million? Ok, I will take my chances.... Title: Re: You make our case...PLEASE LET IT REST Post by: my2cent on March 20, 2003, 05:00:00 AM Title: Re: Re: You make our case... Post by: Yalg on March 21, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to Re: You make our case...PLEASE LET IT RE..., posted by my2cent on Mar 20, 2003
We are having a discussion here. If you dont like or have no interest dont read it.....simple enough.. Title: read; part II Post by: colman on March 19, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to read, posted by colman on Mar 19, 2003
Fact Sheet: United Nations on HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean: Rates are generally higher in Central America and the Caribbean Washington File - November 30, 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In recognition of World AIDS Day, which will be observed on December 1, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS has issued a fact sheet about the spread of HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean. The acronym HIV refers to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Following is the text of the fact sheet: (begin fact sheet) HIV/AIDS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN An estimated 210,000 adults and children became infected during 2000. By year's end some 1.8 million adults and children were estimated to be living with HIV or AIDS, compared with 1.7 million at the end of 1999. Rates are generally highest in Central America and the Caribbean, where HIV is spreading mainly through sex between men and women. Brazil too is experiencing a major heterosexual epidemic, but there are also very high rates of infection among injecting drug users and men who have sex with men. In Mexico, Argentina and Colombia, HIV infection is also confined largely to these sub-populations. The Andean countries are currently among those least affected by HIV infection, although risky behaviour has been recorded in many groups. The countries with the highest HIV rates in the region tend to be found on the Caribbean side of the continent. According to the most recent figures, over 7 percent of pregnant women in urban Guyana tested positive for HIV. In Honduras, Guatemala and Belize there is also a fast-growing heterosexual epidemic, with HIV prevalence rates among adults in the general population of between 1 and 2 percent. In 1994, less than 1 percent of pregnant women using antenatal services in Belize District tested positive for HIV, while one year later the prevalence had risen to 2.5 percent. In the Honduran city of San Pedro Sula, the rate of HIV infection among pregnant women has fluctuated between 2 percent and 5 percent for several years. Much of the problem is concentrated in teenagers, suggesting that the worst is still to come. Heterosexual transmission of HIV is rarer in other countries of Central America. In Costa Rica, for example, HIV is transmitted mainly during unprotected sex between men. In Mexico, too, HIV has affected mainly men who have sex with men, more than 14 percent of whom are currently infected. According to one study, fewer than 1 in every 1000 women of childbearing age is infected. Brazil, where over half a million adults are living with HIV, has strong prevention programmes. While in 1986 less than 5 percent of young men reported using a condom the first time they had sex, the figure in 1999 was close to 50 percent, a tenfold increase. Among men with higher educational levels, over 70 percent surveyed in 1999 said they used a condom for their first act of intercourse. A low prevalence of HIV infection among heterosexuals is the norm in the Andean region, at least in countries where data are available. In Colombia, nowhere is the rate of HIV infection greater than 1 in 250 among pregnant women. Even among sex workers, the figure is below 2 percent. Argentina has typically high rates of HIV infection among injecting drug users and men who have sex with men, but a relatively low average prevalence of 0.4 percent among pregnant women. Haiti is the worst-affected nation in the Caribbean. In some areas, 13 percent of anonymously tested pregnant women were found to be HIV-positive. Overall, around 8 percent of adults in urban areas and 4 percent in rural areas are infected. It is estimated that 74,000 Haitian children had lost their mothers to AIDS by the end of 1999. In the Bahamas the adult prevalence rate is 4 percent. In the Dominican Republic 1 adult in 40 is HIV-infected, while in Trinidad and Tobago the rate is 1 adult in 100. At the other end of the spectrum lie Saint Lucia, the Cayman Islands and the British Virgin Islands, where fewer than 1 pregnant woman in 500 tested positive for HIV in recent surveillance studies. Heterosexual HIV transmission in the Caribbean is driven by the deadly combination of early sexual activity and frequent partner exchange by young people. In Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, a quarter of men and women in a recent national survey said they had started having sex before the age of 14, and half of both men and women were sexually active at the age of 16. In Trinidad and Tobago, in a large survey of men and women in their teens and early twenties, fewer than a fifth of the sexually active respondents said they always used condoms, and two-thirds did not use condoms at all. Age mixing -- younger women having sex with older men -- also drives the Caribbean epidemic. HIV rates are five times higher in girls than boys aged 15-19 in Trinidad and Tobago. At one surveillance centre for pregnant women in Jamaica, girls in their late teens had almost twice the prevalence rate of older women. In Brazil, as in several other countries on the continent, access to government-subsidized antiretroviral treatment is guaranteed by a presidential law. As a result, these countries have seen a reduction in illness and death over the past years. In Brazil, by early 2000, 85,000 people living with HIV/AIDS were receiving treatment provided by the Ministry of Health. December 2000 (end fact sheet) 001130
Copyright © 2000 - US Information Agency. Reproduction of this article (other than one copy for personal reference) must be cleared through the USIA. ÆGiS is made possible through unrestricted grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, iMetrikus, Inc., the National Library of Medicine, and donations from users like you. Always watch for outdated information. This article first appeared in 2000. This material is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between you and your doctor. ÆGiS presents published material, reprinted with permission and neither endorses nor opposes any material. All information contained on this website, including information relating to health conditions, products, and treatments, is for informational purposes only. It is often presented in summary or aggregate form. It is not meant to be a substitute for the advice provided by your own physician or other medical professionals. Always discuss treatment options with a doctor who specializes in treating HIV. Copyright ©1990, 2000. ÆGiS & the Sisters of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary. All materials appearing on ÆGiS are protected by copyright as a collective work or compilation under U.S. copyright and other laws and are the property of ÆGIS and the Sisters of Saint. Elizabeth of Hungary, or the party credited as the provider of the content Title: Re: read; part III Post by: colman on March 19, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to read; part II, posted by colman on Mar 19, 2003
HIV / AIDS Infection Rate By Country - Latin America and the Caribbean
The table below gives the percentage of people infected with HIV/AIDS for all countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. The thumbnail map to the right gives the same information in graphical form. Click on the map to enlarge it.
Country Percentage of adults 15-49 infected with HIV (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 1998)
Title: Conclusion........................ Post by: colman on March 19, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to Re: read; part III, posted by colman on Mar 19, 2003
Aaron may have overstated Brazil's percentage of HIV/AIDS prevalence but make no mistake after viewing these FACTS let me just share what I have deduced from the data. Colombia's rate is relatively low, Brazil is not as low like when it peaked in the late 80's but make no mistake if you take 100 Colombians with AIDS--a LARGE majority of them are VERY EXCLUSIVELY HOMOSEXUAL or DRUG USERS WHO SHARE MEEDLES. Brazil on the other hand (thank GOD they have systematically attacked the problem) has lowered thier HIV/AIDS rates considerably BUT MAKE NO MISTAKE with the exception of HAITI it has the highest heterosexual rate in the WESTERN HEMISPHERE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!--(this can be arguably connected to Brazil's more layed back and sexually free culture). All I am saying is we are here in this forum to date women and hopefully find a wife in Latin America. In Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica MANY of the HIV/AIDS infected people do not have any interest in us and vice-versa--the same thing cant be said of Brazil. ITs all relative--I still may travel to Brazil but just use common sense like anything else--I envy the Brazilian's carefree culture--BUT I WANT TO PRACTICE AFTERRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR I get married........anyway just my opinion--God bless all--Colman Title: kinda wrote above thread fast and just wanted to say..... Post by: colman on March 19, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to Conclusion........................, posted by colman on Mar 19, 2003
I think this is what Aaron wanted to express but then the vulture/s got hungry and attacked. Title: Re: kinda wrote above thread fast and just wanted to say..... Post by: Yalg on March 20, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to kinda wrote above thread fast and just w..., posted by colman on Mar 19, 2003
This does not mean that brazil is more open sexually, it means they have an AIDs problem just like most countries. Most of the cases are in Rio and SP where millions of poor, uneducated masses live in poverty with little or no knowledge of how it is transmitted or prevented. We're talking about a half of a percent difference between Colombia and Brazil, approximately. Hardly something to stop a search there and not worth singling out as an AIDS graveyard... I was not harping on Aarons Aids comments. I, and many others took exception to his portrayal of Brazilians as more open sexually than others and this is patently ridiculous and cant be proven. It is a stereotype and due mainly to Carnaval, skimpy bikinis, and abject hearsay and propaganda. Anyway, if somebody wants to believe it then its fine. But if you write it here then its open to debate and I hardly think that calling everyone vultures is an intelligent way to frame that debate. He got upset and could not take the heat.....so maybe you should reserve that kind of comment. If you agree with him fine, but the rest of us are not vultures if we point out obvious stereotyping and lack of knowledge..... Quadruple God Bless You... Title: Re: Re: kinda wrote above thread fast and just wanted to say..... Post by: colman on March 20, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to Re: kinda wrote above thread fast and ju..., posted by Yalg on Mar 20, 2003
During the late 80's Brazil's HIV percentage was in the top 5 countries in the world (according to the data I provided)--the data also stated that Brazil has invested much resources and lowered its rate dramatically but like I said Brazil STILL has the second highest HETEREOSEXUAL and FEMALE HIV percentages in the Western Hemisphere (over 30 countries) --plus I know what the differecne is between raw numbers and percentages and in my former sentences it is based on percentages. All I am saying is in many, many Latin American countries (especially South America and not so much as Carribean) the people with HIV/AIDS in South America tend to be isolated with openly and exclusively gay men and drug users (comparable to the early 80's in the states) and the exception of this is Brazil. Brazilian women (like any other women on earth) date men sometimes have a few partners here and there (nothing abnormal) but the men they have been with MAY also have been with other men and they choose not to informed them of this, and this same lady MAY be dating a visitor from the states--I bet this may have happen 1 in 1,000 cases. If that is the case for Brazil, I deduce from logic and data that the same scenario played out in Colombia, Uruguay, Chile, Argentia, Peru may be 1 in 5,000--very uncommon for ALL countries but still a risk. Plus I do not agree with Aaron just to spite you dude--I agree with him because I beilieve what he says is genuine--anyway infinity and up to God, God bless you--Colman Title: Re: Re: Re: kinda wrote above thread fast and just wanted to say..... Post by: Brazilophile on March 20, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to Re: Re: kinda wrote above thread fast an..., posted by colman on Mar 20, 2003
Colman, Something to bear in mind with ALL HIV/AIDS data is contained in the first sentence of the first post of this thread; "registered" AIDS cases. It has been known for many years that some countries are better than others at identifying and acknowledging HIV/AIDS cases through registering them, due to cultural stigma and economic consequences. Some countries simply don't have the resources to maintain an up to date registry. In addition, NO country registers 100% of its HIV cases because with current technology its takes 6 months after infection to reliably detect the virus. Furthermore, the population that is infected by intravenous drug use is a difficult population to observe and track. The data on them is very suspect. It is highly unlikely that the HIV/AIDS data we are quibbling over, some of it from 2000, has much meaningful relevance to 2003. The safest thing to do is test each other for STD's, including HIV, when the relationship is ready to get intimate. I have been hearing that message for over 10 years here in the US. Title: good points... Post by: colman on March 20, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to Re: Re: Re: kinda wrote above thread fas..., posted by Brazilophile on Mar 20, 2003
Very true, in Colombia Bogota is leading the way as with Brazil in general in keeping and halting the spread of HIV infection via medical attention, public health fairs, free testing, condoms, counseling, etc...If only this can happen in medium cities and especially smaller towns where this is a hidden culprit, ALL of Latin America can rid itself of this horrendeous diesease...thanks for the response--colman Title: Colman, you're a diamond in the rough. You're going Post by: Aaron on March 20, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to Re: Re: kinda wrote above thread fast an..., posted by colman on Mar 20, 2003
to make a woman very happy, whether she is Colombian, Brazilian, Costa Rican, even American...YIKES !!!!! Take Care, Title: thanks Post by: colman on March 20, 2003, 05:00:00 AM ... in response to Colman, you're a diamond in the rough. Y..., posted by Aaron on Mar 20, 2003
thanks for your comments |